Eighty Years and More; Reminiscences 1815-1897 Flashcards
Elizabeth Cady Stanton · Public domain edition · 128 cards · 36 chapters
Elizabeth Cady Stanton's memoir argues that women's subordination is embedded in law, religion, and family life, and traces her own path to abolition and suffrage activism. The deck covers her Seneca Falls organizing, family and religious upbringing, and the resistance she faced.
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Chapter 1 · Question
Why did Stanton's husband refuse to strike 'male' from the state constitution?
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Chapter 1 · Answer
He fully agreed with her on the political equality of women, but lacked the courage to make himself the laughing-stock of the convention. Whenever she cornered him on the point, he turned the conversation to painters and carpenters. Still, these conversations brought him into the first woman's convention, where he did good service.
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Section 3, of the State Constitution, striking out the word…4 cards
Why did Stanton's husband refuse to strike 'male' from the state constitution?
He fully agreed with her on the political equality of women, but lacked the courage to make himself the laughing-stock of the convention. Whenever she cornered him on the point, he turned the conversation to painters and carpenters. Still, these conversations brought him into the first woman's convention, where he did good service.
Chapter 1
What practical difficulties of the isolated household did Stanton come to understand in Seneca Falls?
She faced muddy roads, no sidewalks, poor servants, an increasing number of children, and frequent absences of her husband. Managing house and grounds, wardrobes, dentists, and schools kept one brain and all her hands busy. She concluded woman's best development was impossible if she spent the chief part of life in contact only with servants and children.
Chapter 1
What did Stanton and her companions decide at Lucretia Mott's gathering in Waterloo?
Stanton poured out her long-accumulating discontent with such vehemence that she stirred the whole party to action. They decided then and there to call a Woman's Rights Convention, wrote the call that evening, and published it in the Seneca County Courier on July 14, 1848, giving only five days' notice for the July 19–20 meeting.
Chapter 1
How did the press and former supporters react after the Seneca Falls Convention?
Stanton was astonished that what seemed timely, rational, and sacred became a subject for sarcasm and ridicule in the entire press. Journals from Maine to Texas competed to make the movement appear ridiculous. Anti-slavery papers and Frederick Douglass stood by them, but most ladies who had signed the declaration withdrew their names and joined the persecutors.
Chapter 1
CHAPTER I.4 cards
According to Stanton, what shaped a child's psychical growth rather than days and years?
Stanton argues that a child's psychical growth is shaped not by days and years but by the impressions passing events make on the mind. A sudden awakening that gives one child an impulse lasting years may make no impression on another, which she offers as explanation for why children of the same family differ widely despite shared discipline, schooling, and environment.
Chapter 2
Why did Stanton's grandfather fire on the Vulture, and how did Washington respond?
Colonel James Livingston, stationed at West Point while Washington and his superior were absent, took responsibility for firing into the suspicious British vessel Vulture. Washington reprimanded him for acting without orders and risking court-martial, but admitted the shot was fortunate, since the capture of the spy André saved the Americans, who were in no condition to defend against British forces in New York.
Chapter 2
What did Stanton's parents' discipline emphasize, and what did she doubt about it?
Stanton describes her parents as kind, indulgent, and considerate as the Puritan ideas of the day permitted, but says fear of God and parents predominated over love, along with dread of the devil. She states she has always doubted the virtue based on fear of punishment, noting that firm faith in hell and the devil made her unhappy rather than virtuous.
Chapter 2
What did Stanton recall about the servants Abraham, Peter, and Jacob versus her nurses?
Stanton recalls three colored menservants, Abraham, Peter, and Jacob, who played banjo for the children to dance and took real enjoyment in their games; she remembers their kind services most pleasantly. By contrast, she says her memory of the nurses holds no gratitude or affection, since their chief delight was hurrying the children off to bed, and they later called the children troublesome and disobedient.
Chapter 2
CHAPTER II.4 cards
What two resolutions did eleven-year-old Stanton make after her brother's death?
After her father said he wished she were a boy, Stanton resolved to give less time to play and to study so as to lead all her classes. Deciding that equaling boys meant being learned and courageous, she chose to study Greek and learn to manage a horse. She began Greek with Rev. Simon Hosack before breakfast and learned to drive and leap fences on horseback.
Chapter 3
How did Stanton's father respond to her Greek prize?
She ran to his office, laid the Greek Testament prize on his table, and said, 'There, I got it!' He asked questions about the class and teachers and seemed pleased, but instead of affirming her equality with his son, he kissed her forehead and said with a sigh, 'Ah, you should have been a boy!' Her joy turned to sadness, and she sought comfort from Dr. Hosack.
Chapter 3
What did Rev. Simon Hosack leave Stanton in his will?
Hosack, who taught her Greek and encouraged her determination, asked during his last illness whether she would like his old lexicon, Testament, and grammar. When his will was opened, it left 'my Greek lexicon, Testament, and grammar, and four volumes of Scott's commentaries' to Elizabeth Cady. Stanton says she never looks at these books without thankfulness for such a friend and teacher.
Chapter 3
What did Stanton say about the religious gloom of her childhood?
The author argues that after seventy years, all her life's cares and disappointments seem light compared with her childhood suffering from theological dogmas she sincerely believed. She describes funeral pageantry, cold sermons on predestination and eternal damnation, and fears of the devil as a present reality. She credits her constitution, spirits, and reason with overcoming these fears.
Chapter 3
CHAPTER III.4 cards
Why did young Stanton initially dread attending Mrs. Willard's Seminary at Troy?
She had fixed her mind on Union College and viewed a school without boys as dreary and profitless, since boys had been a stimulus to her in both study and play. She had already studied everything taught there except French, music, and dancing, so she devoted herself to those accomplishments and found the new life more enjoyable than anticipated.
Chapter 4
What opinion does Stanton express about separate schools for boys and girls?
The author argues it is a grave mistake to send boys and girls to separate institutions, especially at the most impressible age. She claims the stimulus of sex promotes a healthy condition of the intellectual and moral faculties and gives both a development they never can acquire alone, citing her own experience at the Troy seminary.
Chapter 4
How did Stanton's composition exchange with a classmate lead to her public disgrace?
A friend praised her amusing composition and proposed an exchange; Stanton agreed, then read her friend's platitudes before the whole school, which fell flat. A classmate then produced the original composition, and Stanton, too confounded to explain, was thought guilty. The trick surfaced because both compositions were in the friend's handwriting, one bearing Stanton's name.
Chapter 4
How does Stanton describe Rev. Finney's revival preaching and its effect on her?
She calls him a terrifier of souls equal to Savonarola, whose sermons on total depravity, hell, and the devil swept the seminary like an epidemic. She says such preaching worked incalculable harm to the souls he sought to save: fear of judgment haunted her dreams, mental anguish prostrated her health, and friends feared dethronement of her reason.
Chapter 4
CHAPTER IV.4 cards
Why did the Oneida tribe visit Gerrit Smith annually at Peterboro?
The Oneida believed they had a right to the son's hospitality because his father had purchased large tracts of land from them. Their tradition held that annual gifts of clothing and provisions, along with his hospitality, were an equivalent for the father's good bargains.
Chapter 5
How did Peterboro serve the Underground Railroad?
Gerrit Smith's mansion was one of the stations on the Underground Railroad for slaves escaping from bondage. Slaves who had heard of the abolitionist felt they had a right to shelter under his roof, and on such occasions the barn and kitchen floor were used as chambers for them.
Chapter 5
What caused Gerrit and Nancy Smith to abandon strict Calvinist Presbyterianism?
The author describes them as once strict Presbyterians who believed all Calvinist doctrines, with a gloomy home and diseased consciences, going through three kinds of baptism. The Church's position in the anti-slavery conflict opened questions of ecclesiastical authority and Bible interpretation, awakening them to broader views and eventually emancipating them from old dogmas.
Chapter 5
How did Elizabeth Cady Stanton first meet Henry B. Stanton?
She first met him at Peterboro. He had come from Utica with Alvin Stewart's daughter, whom rumor said he was engaged to, though she soon married Luther R. Marsh. Because of that rumor, the women treated him as not in the matrimonial market and were freer with him. She later heard him speak at an anti-slavery convention in Madison County.
Chapter 5
CHAPTER V.4 cards
Why did Stanton's wedding take place on a Friday rather than Thursday?
Stanton had planned to marry on Thursday, May 10, 1840, but Mr. Stanton was delayed on "Marcy's Overslaugh," a river bar where boats often stranded for hours. The delay forced the wedding to Friday, commonly thought unlucky. Stanton notes they lived together nearly fifty years with seven children and no unusual misfortune, so she saw no reason to fear a Friday wedding.
Chapter 6
What two concessions did Stanton win from the clergyman performing her wedding?
Stanton persuaded the Scotch clergyman, Rev. Hugh Maire, to omit the word "obey" from the ceremony, since she refused to obey one with whom she was entering an equal relation. He also agreed to postpone the wedding from Friday to Saturday, though that proved impossible because the couple sailed early the next week. He then took revenge with a long prayer and dissertation lasting an hour.
Chapter 6
How did James G. Birney try to correct Stanton's manners on the voyage?
Birney, a fellow delegate and polished gentleman of the old school, thought Stanton needed "toning down" before England. He criticized her roundaboutly until she invited direct correction. He then cited going to the masthead in a chair as unladylike, calling her husband "Henry" before strangers instead of "Mr. Stanton," and losing three chess moves. Stanton laughed it off rather than feeling deeply rebuked.
Chapter 6
Why did Stanton sympathize with the Garrisonians over the political abolitionists?
The American anti-slavery ranks had split over the woman question. The Garrisonian branch maintained women's right to speak and vote in conventions, while the political abolitionists, including Mr. Stanton and Mr. Birney, belonged to the other branch. Stanton's sympathies were with the Garrisonians. She found it remarkable that abolitionists keenly feeling the slave's wrongs were oblivious to equal wrongs of their own mothers, wives, and sisters, who held a similar legal status under common law.
Chapter 6
CHAPTER VI.4 cards
How did Stanton contrast English and French stagecoach travel in the 1840s?
Stanton describes French travel as chaotic: the old diligence with rope-and-leather harness, yelling drivers, and violent-sounding quarrels that never come to blows. English coaches were compact and polished, with dignified coachmen, but passengers were silent and reserved, afraid to speak to anyone outside their class. She notes the Frenchman would talk but she couldn't understand him, while the Englishman would not talk at all.
Chapter 7
What did Stanton observe about Sunday in Paris compared with London?
Accustomed to the Puritan Sunday of restraint, Stanton found Paris Sundays gay and charming: libraries, art galleries, concert halls, and theaters were open, bands played in parks, and whole families picnicked together. She says she half expected to be struck by lightning the first time she joined the festivities. She contrasts this with London, where all places of amusement were closed and only churches and drinking saloons were open.
Chapter 7
What anecdotes did the old soldiers at the Invalides tell Stanton about Napoleon?
The veterans said Napoleon seldom slept more than four hours, was an abstemious eater, rarely changed servants because he hated strange faces, loved chess, snuffed continuously, talked little, and was such a light sleeper that a mouse stirring would wake him. They claimed he seemed omnipresent in his campaigns, and that a sentinel asleep at his post might wake to find Napoleon standing duty in his place.
Chapter 7
How does Stanton connect the deaths of Burns and the problem of intemperance?
Stanton says Burns's life was one long, hard struggle, and that the depression from his dreary surroundings was inevitable given his love of beauty. Recognition from great men came too late to save or encourage him, and he found rest and cheer in whisky that he never knew when sober. The author argues that poverty and ignorance are the parents of intemperance, and that the vice will never be suppressed until life's burdens are equally shared by all.
Chapter 7
CHAPTER VII.4 cards
How did Stanton and Eliza Murray respond when bigots objected to colored children joining the Sunday-school procession?
They refused to cater to the prejudice, kept the children behind them "like two defiant hens," and accepted a compromise placing them in the rear. When the church doors were shut against the children, the two women took them to Stanton's father's house and entertained them with refreshments for the rest of the day.
Chapter 8
What did Stanton argue about preparation for motherhood?
The author argues motherhood is the most important of all professions, requiring more knowledge than any other department of human affairs, yet insufficient attention is given to preparing for it. She compares buying a plant, where many questions are asked about its needs, with receiving a newborn of infinite possibilities, whose governing laws are simply taken for granted.
Chapter 8
What did Dr. Holmes tell Stanton about the lines that almost killed his servant?
Holmes replied that the story of the fellow who almost died laughing was a kind of dream of his, not a real event, like Mother Goose tales or Jack and the beanstalk. He told her to explain imagination to her nephew, and quoted the poem's closing verse about never daring to write as funny as he can.
Chapter 8
What did the nurse believe about bandaging infants, and how did Stanton counter her?
The nurse insisted a child must be bandaged, claiming soft, cartilage-like bones would fall apart without being pinned snugly. Stanton replied this was the strongest reason to avoid pressure, noted kittens and puppies need no artificial bracing, and asked what would happen to a child born where no bandage could be obtained.
Chapter 8
CHAPTER VIII.4 cards
Who did Stanton meet for the first time in Boston, and at whose home did reformers gather?
In Boston Stanton first met Lydia Maria Child, Abby Kelly, Paulina Wright, Elizabeth Peabody, Maria Chapman, Theodore Parker, Whittier, Emerson, Alcott, Lowell, Hawthorne, Frederick Douglass, and others. The home of Joseph and Thankful Southwick was a harbor of rest where anti-slavery hosts congregated; their hospitality was so generous they were eventually eaten out of house and home.
Chapter 9
How did Garrison handle the impromptu tea party of twelve guests?
Garrison had invited twelve without warning his wife, who was upstairs putting the children to bed. He seated guests in the parlor, took off his coat, and rocked the baby until she finished. After consulting about tea, he went out basket in hand for provisions while she made a hasty toilet and came down genial and self-possessed, making no apologies for the house or menu.
Chapter 9
Why did the abolitionists abandon their experiment of a free platform?
The abolitionists tried allowing everyone to speak as moved by the spirit, but found it would not do, since those moved by the spirit of mischief aired their vagaries as readily as those moved by truth. Cranks like Father Lampson, dressed in white with a scythe, and Abigail Folsom had to be suppressed or carried out, though the Garrisonian platform kept some freedom outside its regular programme.
Chapter 9
What did Stanton conclude about Theodore Parker's lectures and her sleeping through his service?
Stanton attended Parker's lectures twice, in Marlborough Chapel and Cambridgeport, never tiring though they lasted two hours. Later she found little in them to shock anyone, as thinking people had grown up to them. Once, walking over two miles to hear him preach, she slept until the sexton closed the doors; Baptist friends teased her, but she counted only the lost sermon a vexation.
Chapter 9
CHAPTER IX.4 cards
Why did the Stanton family move to Seneca Falls in spring 1847?
The chapter opens by stating that in the spring of 1847 the family moved to Seneca Falls, where they spent sixteen years of their married life. It was there that their other children—two sons and two daughters—were born. The move followed their time in Boston, and Stanton arrived alone after first resting at her parents' home in Johnstown.
Chapter 10
What did Stanton's father say when he gave her a check for the new house?
Her father gave her a check and said with a smile, "You believe in woman's capacity to do and dare; now go ahead and put your place in order." The house had been closed for years, needed many repairs, and its five acres were overgrown with weeds. Stanton then hired carpenters, painters, paper-hangers, and gardeners, built a new kitchen and woodhouse, and took possession within one month.
Chapter 10
Who were some reformers in the magnetic circle of central New York?
Stanton names a circle of reformers across central New York: at Rochester, William Henry Channing, Frederick Douglass, the Anthonys, Posts, Hallowells, and Stebbins; grand old Quaker families at Farmington; the Sedgwicks, Mays, Mills, and Matilda Joslyn Gage at Syracuse; Gerrit Smith at Peterboro; and Beriah Green at Whitesboro. She calls it a magnetic circle of reformers.
Chapter 10
What did Stanton discuss with Mr. Bascom while her house was being repaired?
Mr. Bascom was a member of the Constitutional Convention then in session in Albany. He would walk down whenever he was home to see how her work progressed, and they had long talks sitting on boxes among tools and shavings on the status of women. Stanton urged him to propose an amendment to Article II.
Chapter 10
CHAPTER X.4 cards
How did Susan B. Anthony first react to the 1848 Woman's Declaration of Independence?
According to Stanton, Anthony was teaching at the Canajoharie academy when reports of the Seneca Falls and Rochester conventions reached her. The declaration startled and amused her, and she laughed heartily at the novelty and presumption of the demand. But on returning home for vacation, she found her sober Quaker parents and sister had attended the Rochester meetings and considered the demands proper and reasonable.
Chapter 11
Why was Mr. Anthony disowned by the Quakers, and how did he answer the first charge?
He first offended by marrying a Baptist, and was told he could be restored only by declaring himself sorry in full meeting. He rose and said he was sorry the society's rules were such that loving his wife counted as an offense, and was taken back. He was finally disowned for letting village youth be taught dancing in an upper room of his house, a temperance-motivated favor.
Chapter 11
What happened when seven-year-old Susan refused to leave the Quaker meeting as a non-member?
When the blinds were drawn and non-members retired, Susan stayed seated. A Quakeress in blue goggles told her she must go out; Susan replied her mother told her not to go out in the cold, and that her father was a member. She was put out anyway, grew numb, sought shelter at a cottage but was chased off by a huge dog. Her mother then declared no child of hers should attend until made a member, and her father had her made a member.
Chapter 11
What does Stanton say about Anthony's religious views as an adult?
Stanton states that Anthony is an agnostic: she does not profess to know anything about the nature of the Godhead or the life beyond. Every energy is centered on the needs of this world, and to her work is worship. Stanton argues her belief is not orthodox but is religious, sustained by faith in the final perfection of all things, and calls her by nature a Reformer.
Chapter 11
CHAPTER XI.4 cards
How did Susan B. Anthony respond to anti-slavery appeals for financial support?
The chapter states that in 1852 anti-slavery leaders such as George Thompson, Phillips, and Garrison proclaimed the movement's pressing financial needs to Miss Anthony. Four years later, in 1856, she became a regularly employed agent in the Anti-slavery Society. In abolition meetings she urged each class to support the cause financially, and she called on Democrats to give liberally, arguing that success would let them stop bowing to the slave power.
Chapter 12
What happened when Anthony and Stanton were asked to speak at a Michigan school for the deaf and dumb?
Stanton had just said they would not be asked to speak when the superintendent invited them to address assembled pupils. Anthony promptly walked to the platform as if performing an ordinary duty, while Stanton followed anxiously. The superintendent stood beside them and repeated in sign language what was said as fast as uttered. Through laughter, tears, and applause, the pupils showed they fully appreciated the pathos, humor, and argument.
Chapter 12
How did Anthony answer questions about her love-life and marriage?
The chapter says she never disclosed any triumphs or disappointments of that kind to her biographers, though she had many sincere friendships and extensive correspondence with men. She playfully said she could not consent that the man she loved, described in the Constitution as a white male native-born citizen eligible for the Presidency, should marry a political slave and pariah. She said she might consider the social institution once crowned with all the rights of a citizen.
Chapter 12
How did Anthony's reception in Europe reflect her reformer's outlook rather than a sightseer's?
The chapter says she was never a mere sight-seer but always a humanitarian in traveler's guise, and that few masterpieces of art gave her real enjoyment, perhaps due to her early Quaker training. She grasped the infinitude of human misery, and at a palace asked what there was to admire unless it were a school of five hundred children being educated into self-government. At the Certosa monastery she wrote in the visitors' book, 'Perfect equality for women, civil, political, religious.'
Chapter 12
CHAPTER XII.4 cards
What did Stanton credit with convincing Susan B. Anthony that the ballot was key to women's rights?
Stanton says she convinced Miss Anthony that the ballot was the key to the situation—that once women had a voice in the laws they would be welcome on any platform. She describes turning Anthony's religious earnestness into this channel and feeling the power of her convert goading her to more untiring work, beginning a friendship strengthened over years of shared labor.
Chapter 13
How did Stanton's father respond after she read him her first legislature speech?
He wept during her description of a widow's grief, then said the speech filled him with self-reproach, asking how a tenderly raised young woman could feel the wrongs of her sex so keenly. Stanton answered she learned it in his office listening to women's complaints. He called her points clear and strong, suggested more cruel laws and improvements, and they parted at one in the morning.
Chapter 13
What did the Albany Register print about women's rights advocates in March 1854?
The Albany Register mocked the movement, saying people had been amused by women's rights conventions as by clowns or minstrels, but the joke was growing stale and disgust replacing novelty. It called the women 'unsexed,' accused them of abandoning the sphere of mother, wife, and daughter, and singled out Ernestine L. Rose as a foreign propagandist, marveling that educated American women would follow her.
Chapter 13
What obstacles did Susan B. Anthony face while circulating petitions for married women's rights?
Stanton says Anthony traveled by stagecoach, open wagon, sleigh, and on foot through towns and cities, spending her time, strength, and money. Women gruffly told her they had all the rights they wanted or shut the door in her face, treating her as if she begged alms for herself. Stanton argues petitions were the only way disfranchised classes could be heard in state and national councils.
Chapter 13
CHAPTER XIII.3 cards
Why did Stanton and others abandon the bloomer costume after about two years?
Although wearers enjoyed physical freedom, they faced persistent ridicule: rude gazing, criticism, and crowds of boys following them chanting doggerel. Stanton says the freedom did not compensate for the petty annoyances. Most gave up after about two years, though Mrs. Miller wore it nearly seven.
Chapter 14
What health problems did the press attribute to fashionable women's dress?
The press elicited information on the physiological effects of fashionable attire: tight waists and long skirts crippling the body, heavy weight on the hips, and high heels combining to throw the spine out of plumb and lay the foundation for nervous diseases. All agreed some change was necessary, yet the press ridiculed those who experimented.
Chapter 14
How did Stanton advise the congressman's wife to handle her husband's anger over the new stoves?
Stanton advised her to buy the stoves without consulting him, then, when he exploded, to say and do nothing: sit with a far-away sad look, perhaps a few gentle tears, avoiding sobs. She reasoned that if the wife stayed silent, the husband would soon exhaust himself, since every defense gives him a new text.
Chapter 14
CHAPTER XIV.4 cards
What did Wendell Phillips argue about the divorce discussion at the 1860 New York convention?
Phillips pronounced the whole discussion irrelevant to the woman's rights platform and moved that neither the speeches nor resolutions be recorded. He argued marriage concerned man and woman alike and the laws bore equally on them, so women had no special complaint. Garrison and Rev. Antoinette Brown opposed his motion, and it was ultimately lost.
Chapter 15
How did Stanton answer Greeley and Phillips on whether marriage laws are equal?
In a letter to the New York Tribune, the author argues the laws are unequal because man made them for his own purpose. She cites Blackstone and Kent that husband and wife are one person and that one is the husband, and notes the law lets a girl marry at twelve while requiring more years of the boy.
Chapter 15
What did Susan B. Anthony argue in closing the convention debate?
Anthony urged Phillips to withdraw his motion, saying it would violate parliamentary usage to publish speeches advocating resolutions while excluding the resolutions themselves. She totally dissented from the claim that the question did not belong on the platform, arguing marriage rests unequally on the sexes: man gains all, woman loses all, and woman has never been consulted on the terms.
Chapter 15
What did Lucretia Mott say about marriage that Stanton called radical?
Though Mott had urged Stanton and Rose to be moderate, she said marriage was a question beyond the realm of legislation that must be left to the parties themselves. Stanton and others rallied her on this radicalism. Mott's letter defended the position, citing Lord Brougham that the whole marriage system needed total reconstruction.
Chapter 15
CHAPTER XV.4 cards
What did the Woman's Loyal League advocate as the quickest way to end the war?
The League advocated immediate emancipation and enfranchisement of the Southern slaves, arguing this was the most speedy way to end the War. Stanton and Anthony founded it after consulting Horace Greeley, William Lloyd Garrison, Governor Andrews, and Robert Dale Owen, and it circulated petitions that gathered three hundred thousand signatures, now held in the national archives.
Chapter 16
How did Stanton describe women's wartime contributions versus their recognition?
Stanton argues women planned campaigns, inspired the sanitary commission, nursed the sick, and gathered supplies, yet they do not appear in official reports or get gazetted for gallant deeds, and thousands remain unknown beyond their neighborhoods. She contends the story of the War will never be fully written if women's achievements are left untold.
Chapter 16
What contrast does Stanton draw between praise for the League and treatment of suffrage demands?
Stanton argues the same women praised as wise, loyal, and clear-sighted while serving the slaves' cause were denounced as unwise, imprudent, fanatical, and impracticable when demanding rights for themselves. She concludes that while woman seconds man's endeavors her virtues pass unquestioned, but when she claims rights for herself her character becomes a subject for ridicule.
Chapter 16
Why was the word 'male' introduced into the Constitution, according to Stanton?
Stanton writes that to demand black men's enfranchisement on natural rights was hedged with difficulties, since the logical result would be enfranchisement of all ostracized classes, including white and slave women. She says the only way to open the constitutional door wide enough for the black man was to introduce the word 'male' into the national Constitution.
Chapter 16
CHAPTER XVI.4 cards
What suffrage measures were put before Kansas voters in 1867?
The proposition to extend suffrage both to women and to colored men was submitted to the people of Kansas in 1867. Colored male suffrage was a Republican Party measure backed enthusiastically by the press and politicians. Woman suffrage was not a party question, and the campaigners hoped all parties would support it.
Chapter 17
Why were woman suffrage supporters in Kansas disappointed?
The author states that Eastern friends, relied on for influence through liberal newspapers, stayed silent. The campaigners later learned these allies used their influence to keep abolitionists and Republicans in Kansas silent, fearing that discussing the woman question would jeopardize enfranchisement of the black man. The author argues the suffragists did not see through this political game until near the end of the canvass.
Chapter 17
Who was invited to Kansas to win Democratic votes, and why?
Near the end of the canvass the suffragists realized their only chance was the Democratic vote, so George Francis Train, then a most effective and popular speaker, was invited into the State. The author credits him with turning the tide, strengthening weak-kneed Republicans and abolitionists, and securing a large Democratic vote.
Chapter 17
What did the author conclude about pioneer life after the Kansas campaign?
The author says she had imagined pioneer life as romantic freedom—white-covered wagons, meals under trees, cheap rich land. Months of travel permanently darkened that ideal. She describes unfinished houses, malaria, families ill with chills and fever, and a family of twelve whose journey brought deaths and ruin. She was glad of the experience and gained self-respect from enduring it cheerfully.
Chapter 17
CHAPTER XVII.4 cards
What did the Lyceum Bureau managers do, and what was their financial incentive?
Managers at bureaus in Boston, New York, and Chicago laid out speaking trips with a map, according to speakers' capacity or will, and arranged engagements with committees in various towns. Because managers took ten per cent of what speakers made, it was in their interest to keep schedules full, so engagements were made without regard to travelers' comfort.
Chapter 18
How did Stanton reach Maquoketa, Iowa, when snow blocked the trains?
She arrived at Lyons to find the road blocked and no trains for days. She hired a sleigh, span of fleet horses, and driver, telegraphed the committee she would be there, and rode six hours against wind and drifts, bundled in fur and buffalo robe. She arrived as the clock struck eight, then made her entire circuit by sleigh, traveling forty to fifty miles a day.
Chapter 18
What did the bureaus say about women versus men as lecturers?
According to Stanton, it was the testimony of all the bureaus that women could endure more fatigue and were more conscientious than men in filling their appointments. She illustrates this with Bradlaugh and General Kilpatrick, who waited in Chicago and lost three weeks of engagements while she completed her Iowa circuit by sleigh.
Chapter 18
What did Catherine Beecher say about woman suffrage, and how did Stanton respond?
Catherine Beecher said she opposed woman suffrage and would write and speak against it vehemently if she thought there was any danger of women getting it; since the nation was safe from that calamity, she let the agitation continue because it helped her educational work. Stanton replied it was paradoxical that pressing a false principle could help a true one, and predicted educated women would vote in spite of her.
Chapter 18
CHAPTER XVIII. (part 2)4 cards
What does Stanton find objectionable about the Episcopal marriage service?
Stanton argues the Episcopal marriage service retains the word "obey" and includes a humiliating ceremony in which the bride is given away. She illustrates this with a tall, queenly bride given away by a tiny guardian to a feeble groom, and notes women are gradually waking to the degradation of these ceremonies. She jokes that such clergymen violate the Thirteenth Amendment's ban on involuntary servitude.
Chapter 20
How did the bride at the high-society wedding resist saying "obey"?
At a wedding in high life, a beautiful girl of eighteen was struck dumb at the word "obey." The priest repeated it three times, slower and louder, while father, mother, and groom were in agony. The bride stood speechless until the priest closed his book and said the ceremony was at an end. One imploring word from the groom produced a faint "obey," and the knot was tied.
Chapter 20
How did Stanton answer the legislator who boasted of eight children?
A diminutive, crooked-legged member of the Nebraska constitutional convention mockingly asked whether a woman's best role was wife and mother, noting his wife had given him eight children. Stanton, viewing him from head to foot, replied she had met few men in her life worth repeating eight times. The members roared with laughter, and the scene was reported in Nebraska papers.
Chapter 20
What did Stanton say in toasting the women of Nebraska?
Stanton toasted the mothers who came by tedious journeys, packed with restless children in emigrant wagons, cooking by day and nursing babies by night while men slept. She noted they endured pioneer hardships, Indian attacks, prairie fires, and locusts, with man's trials falling on woman doubly, yet history is silent on women's part. She said men have twice defeated the woman suffrage amendment in Nebraska.
Chapter 20
CHAPTER XVIII. (part 3)2 cards
How did a Michigan political editor describe Susan B. Anthony's appearance?
The editor described Miss Anthony as wearing a bonnet that looked as if it had recently descended from Noah's ark, on her way to the Plainwell meeting. Anthony often repeated this description herself, using it to make a point about how she was treated compared with actual voters.
Chapter 21
What point did Miss Anthony make about the editor's description of her?
Anthony said that had she represented twenty thousand voters in Michigan, the political editor would not have known nor cared whether she was the oldest or youngest daughter of Methuselah, or whether her bonnet came from the ark or from Worth's. She used the anecdote to contrast how a representative of voters would be treated with how she was treated.
Chapter 21
CHAPTER XIX.4 cards
What did Stanton request of General Hawley for the July 4, 1876 celebration?
As president of the National Woman's Suffrage Association, Stanton wrote to General Hawley asking for platform tickets at Independence Hall for at least one representative woman from each State, and permission to read the Woman's Declaration of Rights right after the Declaration of Independence was read. Hawley sent only half a dozen cards and said no program change was possible at that late hour.
Chapter 22
How was the Woman's Declaration of Rights presented on July 4, 1876?
Anthony, Gage, Spencer, Blake, and Couzins entered Independence Hall using their tickets. When Richard Henry Lee finished reading the Declaration of 1776, they walked down the aisle under cover of bustle for the Brazilian hymn. Anthony presented their Declaration to the presiding officer, Senator Ferry, who bowed without speaking; copies were scattered as they left. Anthony later read it aloud from a musicians' platform outside.
Chapter 22
Why does the author argue the Woman's Pavilion was not a true exhibit of woman's art?
The author argues that few women owned the businesses their labor made profitable, so the Pavilion omitted major industries: cotton factories, shoe manufacturing, Indian embroideries, Turkish rugs, Decca muslin, Pipsen's pottery, cartridges and envelopes, and Waltham watches. She cites Commissioner Meeker of Colorado saying woman's work comprises three-fourths of the exposition and without it there would be no exposition.
Chapter 22
What did the women hope the Centennial and party conventions would yield?
The women pressed their claims at the Fourth of July celebration in the exposition buildings and at the Republican and Democratic nominating conventions, hoping to get a woman suffrage plank in both party platforms. Stanton compares their faith to that of Southern slaves during the Civil War, who believed the conflict would bring freedom. Letters were written to the conventions and twenty thousand copies of each were published.
Chapter 22
CHAPTER XX.3 cards
What did Stanton, Gage, and Anthony collaborate on during these busy years?
Stanton, Mrs. Gage, and Miss Anthony were collecting material for "The History of Woman Suffrage," which required endless correspondence. They planned volumes, chapters, footnotes, appendices, engravings, and introductions, working six weeks all day and often until midnight. The first volume appeared in May 1881, an octavo of 871 pages, and they began the second volume in June.
Chapter 23
Why did Stanton begin keeping a diary on November 12, 1880?
At an impromptu October 18, 1880 dinner, Elizabeth Boynton Harbert, May Wright Thompson, Phoebe W. Couzins, and Arethusa Forbes asked whether Stanton kept a diary. She said she had not a pen scratch of the past except family letters. They urged her to begin one, so she promised to start on her coming birthday, and on November 12, 1880, her sixty-fifth birthday, she began it.
Chapter 23
What did Stanton argue about parents and children on her sixty-fifth birthday?
Reflecting alone on her birthday, Stanton was depressed about blunders in her children's education. The author argues that little is said of parental responsibilities, and that parents cannot repay the debt they owe children for bringing them into a world of suffering unless they insure them sound minds in sound bodies and enough means to live without constant struggle. She rejects the idea that children owe gratitude for mere existence.
Chapter 23
CHAPTER XXI.4 cards
Why did Stanton stay three months at the convent of La Sagesse in Toulouse?
Stanton explains she did not go to the convent for religious retreat or to take the veil. Her daughter wished to study French advantageously, her son lived nearby in the mountains, and the convent garden with its big trees, clean gravel paths, and cool shade was the most delightful spot. She notes Laura Curtis Bullard's sketch had reported the 1882 visit.
Chapter 24
What happened when a loaded pistol in the baggage exploded at Bordeaux?
A pistol carelessly packed in a hamper discharged when a French sailor jerked the hamper, shooting the bearer through the shoulder. The dynamite scare was at its height, causing consternation. Theodore investigated and fired two more bullets from the pistol. Hattie admitted she packed it not knowing it was loaded. The man's injuries were slight, but it cost two thousand francs. Stanton reflects on the danger of firearms.
Chapter 24
What did Stanton observe about peasant life at Jacournassy in Languedoc?
Stanton describes peasants who often could neither speak nor understand French, clinging to a patois resembling Spanish and Italian. Their tools were primitive: a plow with a beam, a cow at one end and a boy at the other; grain cut with a sickle and threshed with a flail; manure scattered by hand. She saw glimpses of the anti-revolutionary epoch and the world's vast strides in one century. Indoors, however, the château resembled modern Toulouse and New York.
Chapter 24
What work did Stanton end up doing at Jacournassy despite seeking rest?
Stanton had sailed to France to escape Susan B. Anthony and the suffrage movement, yet at Jacournassy her son Theodore was collecting materials for "The Woman Question in Europe." Every post brought manuscripts and letters in many languages, which were translated into English and needed polishing. Stanton put the bad English into the best she could command, as she had as editor of The Revolution. She accepted the labor because it aided the cause of her sex.
Chapter 24
CHAPTER XXII. (part 1)3 cards
According to Stanton, what was the Married Women's Property Bill of 1882 and who deserved credit?
The bill gave English women in 1882 what many American states had enjoyed since 1848. Stanton says it was generally conceded that credit belonged most to Mrs. Jacob Bright's tact and persistence; her husband, an MP, used parliamentary tactics to push it through the Commons. Mrs. Bright also aimed to place married women on an even plane with widows and spinsters, making them qualified voters.
Chapter 25
How did Stanton compare American and British public speakers and meetings?
Stanton concluded Americans surpass the British in oratory and in conducting meetings. She describes a British national custom of a hesitating, apologetic opening on any question, and notes that even able British visitors like Kingsley, Stanley, Arnold, Tyndall, and Coleridge were criticized in America for elocutionary defects. She says Britain has no speakers to compare with Wendell Phillips, George William Curtis, or Anna Dickinson, though John Bright is without peer among his countrymen and Mrs. Besant among the women.
Chapter 25
What did John Bright tell Stanton about his 1867 vote for Mill's suffrage amendment?
Bright said he voted for John Stuart Mill's amendment to the Household Suffrage Bill in 1867 as a personal favor to a friend, without strong convictions on the merits of what he considered a purely sentimental measure. Stanton notes he was not sound on women's political rights, though she adds it is not given to any one man to be equally clear on all questions.
Chapter 25
CHAPTER XXII. (part 2)4 cards
How did Harriot Stanton answer Miss Cobbe's challenge about shaking hands with vivisectionists?
Harriot said she would be proud to shake hands with Virchow, who alone among the professors admitted her to his classes and told his students to treat her with courtesy or personally insult him. She then asked whether Miss Cobbe would refuse to shake hands with statesmen, scientists, clergymen, lawyers, or physicians who treat women with constant indignities, and argued that sacrificing a daughter to a cruel custom is worse than torturing a cat for science.
Chapter 26
What did Mrs. Helen Bright Clark do at the Leeds Liberal Conference of October 17, 1882?
As a delegate from her Liberal League, Mrs. Clark spoke eloquently for the resolution extending Parliamentary suffrage to women, presented by Walter McLaren. Her impassioned appeal hushed the sixteen hundred delegates into silence, and the resolution passed by a large majority. The author calls it an act of heroism almost without parallel in English history, since she publicly opposed her father, John Bright, the party's acknowledged leader.
Chapter 26
How did John Bright respond to his daughter's speech and to woman suffrage at the reception and Victoria Hall?
At the reception, when Mrs. Clark wondered if her father had heard of her speech and would forgive her, Bright stepped down, pressed her hand affectionately, and kissed her on either cheek. The next evening at Victoria Hall, Sir Wilfrid Lawson joked that the Conference resolution was ahead of the speaker's ideas, and the crowd laughed while Bright joined in. But in his speech Bright dodged woman suffrage, carefully forgetting the steps toward emancipation.
Chapter 26
What disagreement split the suffrage supporters over the bill for 'widows and spinsters' only?
Mrs. Taylor and Mrs. Jacob Bright opposed the bill because it excluded married women, who they felt were the greatest sufferers under the law and should be enfranchised first; they wanted the demand made for all women duly qualified. Miss Becker and others argued it was good policy to exclude the 'family unit' and 'man's headship' from discussion. The author sides with Taylor and Bright, doubting that a small privileged class would extend rights, and notes John Stuart Mill also opposed excluding married women.
Chapter 26
CHAPTER XXII. (part 3)4 cards
What international project was first considered at the Whittle reception in Liverpool?
At Dr. Ewing Whittle's reception in Liverpool, the wisdom of forming an international association of women was first considered. The proposition met with such favor that a committee was appointed to correspond with friends in different nations, with Miss Anthony and Stanton placed on it. Stanton notes the idea of women's intellectual co-operation became the basis of the International Council of Women, held in Washington, D.C., in March 1888.
Chapter 27
How does Stanton answer her own doubt about whether suffrage is a shadow?
Sitting on deck during the ten-day Atlantic crossing, Stanton asks whether women have pursued a shadow for fifty years and whether seeking political power means abdicating a social throne of unbounded influence. She answers no: the right of suffrage is a substantial entity a citizen can seize and hold for protection and the country's welfare. She argues direct power over one's person and property, and a counted opinion, are better than indirect influence, however far-reaching.
Chapter 27
What does Stanton argue about indirect influence compared with direct political power?
The author argues that direct power over one's own person and property, and an individual opinion counted on all questions of public interest, are better than indirect influence, be it ever so far-reaching. She compares influence to white light that is all-pervading yet often obscured by clouds and darkness, sometimes too direct for comfort, too oblique for warmth, or too scattered for any purpose.
Chapter 27
What two optical images does Stanton use to illustrate individual sovereignty and united effort?
Stanton uses the prism and the burning-glass. As the prism divides rays and reveals the brilliant colors of light, so does individual sovereignty reveal the beauty of representative government. As the burning-glass shows the power of concentrating rays, so does the combined power of the multitude reveal the beauty of united effort to carry a grand measure.
Chapter 27
CHAPTER XXIII.4 cards
What did Stanton argue in her North American Review article on Christianity and women?
In her 1884-85 article "What has Christianity done for Women?" Stanton took the position that woman owed no debt to any form of religion for the liberty she enjoyed. She argued instead that the religious element in woman's nature had always been perverted to keep her in complete subjection. Bishop Spaulding took the opposite view in the same issue, but Stanton felt he did not answer her points.
Chapter 28
What did the 1885 suffrage convention resolutions say about religious dogmas and woman?
The resolutions Stanton's committee proposed at the January 1885 Washington convention declared that dogmas derived from Judaism—teaching woman was an after-thought in creation, her sex a misfortune, marriage subordination, and maternity a curse—were contrary to the law of God revealed in nature and to Christ's precepts. They called on the Christian ministry to teach that male and female were made equally in God's image.
Chapter 28
How did Dr. Patton respond to the 1885 resolutions, and why was his sermon criticized?
Dr. Patton of Howard University preached "Woman and Skepticism," arguing that freedom for woman led to skepticism and immorality, citing Hypatia, Mary Wollstonecraft, Frances Wright, George Eliot, Harriet Martineau, Mme. Roland, Frances Power Cobbe, and Victoria Woodhull. Stanton notes he erred on the last names, since Woodhull was a devout Christian and Cobbe's writings would never warrant the charge of skepticism.
Chapter 28
What did Stanton observe about women's demands on the Church versus the State?
Stanton observed that women were attacking the Church along the whole line, demanding the right to be ordained as ministers, elders, and deacons, and to be received as delegates in ecclesiastical convocations. She noted they asked of the Church exactly what they had asked of the State for half a century—perfect equality—and that the clergy as a body were quite as hostile to those demands as the statesmen were.
Chapter 28
CHAPTER XXIV.4 cards
What did Stanton and Hattie conclude about the Bible and woman's status?
Stanton and Hattie spent the winter studying the Bible with commentaries by Clark, Scott, and Wordsworth. Stanton found nothing grand in Jewish history or Pentateuch morals, arguing the writers portrayed God as jealous and revengeful. She claims no other books teach woman's subjection so fully, citing Miriam being set aside because of her sex and women barred from sacrifices as unclean.
Chapter 29
How did Stanton criticize the Woman's Liberal Federation meeting?
Hattie attended the October meeting in London to form a Woman's Liberal Federation, with Mrs. Gladstone presiding. Stanton called the speeches absurd, since the Liberal party had denied women political rights for twenty years. She especially condemned Professor Stuart for urging women to canvass because they would give their services free, calling the whole movement an insult to women.
Chapter 29
What was Stanton's objection to the Queen's Jubilee fundraising?
Ladies formed societies collecting pennies from servants and the laboring masses and pounds from the wealthy for the Queen's Jubilee. Stanton's daughter lectured a collector, saying the Queen should give gifts to her subjects rather than take pennies from the poor, and suggested Home Rule for Ireland or free public schools as worthy deeds. The collector agreed and wished she could return every penny.
Chapter 29
What did Stanton find unsatisfactory in Auguste Comte's work on woman?
Stanton read Harriet Martineau's translation of Auguste Comte's works and found the section on woman most unsatisfactory. She notes Comte criticizes Aristotle's belief that slavery is necessary to social life, yet seems to think the subjection of woman in modern civilization a matter of no importance. Stanton highlights this inconsistency between his views on slavery and on women.
Chapter 29
CHAPTER XXV.4 cards
What did the National Woman Suffrage Association resolve in January 1887?
At its nineteenth annual convention in January 1887, the National Woman Suffrage Association resolved to assume entire responsibility for holding an International Council of Women. It extended invitations to all associations of women in trades, professions, and reforms, as well as those advocating political rights. A call was issued in early June 1887 for the council to convene at Washington, D.C., on March 25, 1888.
Chapter 30
How was the International Council funded and organized?
Miss Anthony served as financier of the occasion and raised twelve thousand dollars, which covered all expenses of the delegates in Washington and the printing of the report in book form. Although the suffrage association called and conducted the council, various other societies were represented. The large theater was crowded for an entire week, and the proceedings were reported in the Woman's Tribune and later published as a revised book.
Chapter 30
What was Helen H. Gardener's criticism of Dr. Hammond's brain theory?
Helen H. Gardener criticized Dr. Hammond's position on the inferior size and quality of woman's brain. She argued that since the doctor had never examined the brains of the most distinguished women, and probably only those of paupers and criminals, he had no data for his conclusions. She also cited written opinions from several leading physicians that it is impossible to distinguish male from female brains.
Chapter 30
What happened to Stanton's speech manuscript at the Nebraska convention?
The lady who escorted Stanton to the Opera House carried the manuscript of her speech and forgot to give it to her. It was nearly time to speak when Stanton missed it. They discovered it lying in the gutter, and because the ground was frozen hard it was not soiled. Stanton said she trembled at her narrow escape, having prepared no train of thought for extemporaneous use, and concluded the moral was to hold on to your manuscript.
Chapter 30
CHAPTER XXVI.2 cards
What did the Lord Chancellor rule in the Jackson case about a husband's rights over his wife?
The Lord Chancellor reversed the lower court's decision, declaring that no such right exists in law and no such right ever did exist in law. He stated that no English subject has the right to imprison another English subject, whether his wife or not. Through this decision the wife walked out of the court a free woman.
Chapter 31
What position did Stanton take in the debate at Morley Hall on state interference?
Stanton took the side favoring state interference that protected the individual's life, liberty, and happiness, including compulsory education and protection of children from cruel parents. She argued many parents are unfit to control children, so the State should see they are sheltered, fed, clothed, and educated, making good citizens rather than later caring for them as criminals.
Chapter 31
CHAPTER XXVIII.4 cards
Who organized Stanton's eightieth birthday celebration without her knowledge?
Susan B. Anthony arranged the celebration without Stanton's knowledge or consent. She chose the National Council of Women to conduct it, though Stanton notes it would have been more appropriate for the National Woman's Suffrage Association to preside, since woman's enfranchisement was her special life work. Mrs. Mary Lowe Dickinson, president of the Council, took on the financial responsibility and correspondence and made the event a success.
Chapter 33
What did Stanton say about receiving praise versus criticism?
Stanton writes that she had been accustomed for half a century to blame rather than praise, so the outpouring of homage surprised and profoundly stirred her. She says she could endure severe criticism with complacency, but this affection moved her deeply. To calm herself during that week of excitement, she recalled Michelet's motto: let the weal and woe of humanity be everything, their praise and blame of no effect.
Chapter 33
What progress did Stanton note since the 1848 convention?
Stanton recalls conservatives warning that the first convention was a grave mistake and that the women would be laughed at from Maine to Texas and beyond the sea. The ridicule came from press and pulpit in England and America. By the time of her birthday, she notes changed social customs and laws, municipal suffrage for women in England and some colonies, school suffrage in half the US states, municipal suffrage in Kansas, and full suffrage in four states, with Idaho in 1896.
Chapter 33
What did Stanton's divorce demand cost her, and what changed?
As president of the New York State Woman's Temperance Association, Stanton demanded a statute allowing wives absolute divorce for their husbands' brutality and intemperance. She later addressed the New York Legislature when a similar bill was pending and spoke to large audiences in several cities, and she was severely denounced for it. She notes that by the time of writing, fugitives from such ties could secure freedom in many Western states.
Chapter 33
D. Conway and Mrs. Abby Sage Richardson. Though composed of…4 cards
Why did the Botta club prove dull and unprofitable, according to Stanton?
Stanton says the subject for discussion was not announced until each meeting, so no one came prepared with a well-digested train of thought. The club also decided to avoid all questions involving grave differences of opinion. She compares this negative position to an old etiquette book warning gentlemen to confine conversation to art, poetry, and abstract questions women could not understand.
Chapter 34
What did Stanton advocate regarding the Chicago Exposition on Sundays, and what was the outcome?
Stanton strongly advocated opening the Exposition on Sunday, since that was the only day the masses could visit. One hundred thousand religious bigots petitioned Congress to deny appropriations unless the gates closed on Sunday. She sent leaflets to every member of Congress, state legislatures, and managers. The park and parts of the Exposition stayed open Sunday, but some machinery was stopped as a concession to narrow Christian sects.
Chapter 34
How did Emma Willard prepare to teach the higher branches at her seminary?
Stanton reports that Amos B. Eaton, principal of the Rensselaer Polytechnic School in Troy, told her Mrs. Willard studied with him every branch he could teach. She took lessons every evening when he had leisure and studied half the night the branches she would teach the next day, keeping ahead of her classes. She devoted all her vacations to training teachers and was the first to suggest the normal-school system.
Chapter 34
What does Stanton urge wealthy women to do with their money instead of giving to boys' institutions?
Stanton argues the best work women of wealth can do is endow scholarships for their own sex, permanent or temporary, at desirable institutions in every State. She says public schools already cover primary education, so scholarships should go to those whose ability is proved and who can pursue higher education. She criticizes women who gave millions to Harvard and thirty thousand dollars to Princeton while giving nothing for their own sex.
Chapter 34
D.4 cards
Why did Lady Somerset and Frances Willard withdraw from the Woman's Bible revising committee?
They initially consented to join a revising committee after discussing Stanton's project in March 1895, but withdrew their names before the committee was organized, fearing the work would be too radical. Stanton notes that women from orthodox churches declined to join or express views, and she speculates they may have feared their faith would be disturbed by investigation.
Chapter 35
What did Stanton conclude after months of studying Biblical criticism and ecclesiastical history?
Stanton writes that she found no explanation for the degraded status of women under all religions and in all the so-called Holy Books. She also argued the Hebrew mythology had no special claim to a higher origin than Greek mythology, being less attractive in style and less refined in sentiment, and that its objectionable features were glossed over by belief in divine inspiration.
Chapter 35
How did Gerrit Smith respond to Southern visitors who objected to Frederick Douglass dining with him?
When Southern visitors wrote asking whether Douglass would sit in the parlor and at the dining table, Smith replied that his visitors were always treated by his family as equals, and such would be the case with Douglass, whom he considered one of the ablest men reared under the Southern Institution. The ladies took meals in their own apartments and stayed there most of the time.
Chapter 35
What benefits did Stanton attribute to the bicycle craze for women?
Stanton argued that if women could ride, it was evidently God's intention they be permitted to do so, and that they should decide what to wear based on comfort and convenience. She said the bicycle was a great blessing to girls in compelling them to cultivate self-reliance and mechanical ingenuity, since they often had to mend the wheel after accidents.
Chapter 35
M.3 cards
Why did Stanton discontinue her planned volume on woman's position under Jewish and Christian religions?
Stanton asked several people, including M. Davis, about the advisability of the work. They all agreed such a volume would be valuable, but none had time to assist in the project. Because of these discouragements she discontinued the work, though she never gave up hope of renewing it when other coadjutors should awake to its importance and offer their services.
Chapter 36
On what date and with whom did Stanton sail for England in 1886?
On October 27, 1886, Stanton again sailed for England, accompanied by her daughter, nurse, and grandchild. Leaving the harbor in the clear early morning, they had a fine view of Bartholdi's statue of Liberty Enlightening the World. The passage was smooth, and on the ninth day they landed in Liverpool.
Chapter 36
What conditions made Stanton's 1886 Atlantic voyage comfortable?
They had a warm, gentle rain and a smooth sea most of the way. Because they had a stateroom on deck, they could keep the portholes open and get all the air they desired. With novels and letters, chess and whist, the time passed pleasantly, and they landed in Liverpool on the ninth day.
Chapter 36
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